Communication Technology And Its Impact On Social Interaction Research Paper

Communication Technology And Its Impact On Social Interaction - Research Paper Example Employees spent most of their times on computers using emails to pass information from one part to the other, rather than with their fellow colleagues. With the concern of social welfare within a work field, communication technology has led to poor communication within the workers. In addition to this reduction of face-to-face social interaction, the level of social support and belief also goes down. As the result, it leads to an exceedingly poor worker-to-worker relationships.3 This is because most people prefer using emails on their personal computers rather than face to face communication. Social Networking sites, such as MySpace, Twitter and Facebook, have taken over social networking industries for the past few years. Both young and old people have become captives of this bubonic plague used differently by people to satisfy their needs. Some people use them as advertising sites, keeping in touch with friends and relatives and updating others on what is going on in others minds t o help reach out to the public. Yes, we are the members of these social networking sites, and we can not run from the truth. What concerns people most is the way this sites have got themselves involved in the use of emails. It is evident that even this sites use email to help reach their addressee, and they also have their web pages that can be accesed via Emails. With the sites, through either emails or information displayed in the emails, one has no way of confirming that the information posted on their walls is inaccurate. This is because individuals post what is in their minds. These posts are open to be seen by all of the people one befriends. The information posted might paint either a negative or positive... This essay stresses that diffusion innovation is theoretical perspective that focuses on the adoption of new ideas, practices and technologies. According to Rogers, perception about the attributes can facilitate the rate at which a new idea is adopted. To be specific, innovation is adopted by people with positive minds if they believe that they offer an advantage over what exists; if they are compatible with the potential users’ existing values, experience, and needs; if they are perceived as being fairly easy to understand and use; if users can try them before they commit to purchase; if users can easily observe their use. Communication channels only become effective if they are efficient and convey many different type of information such as visual, verbal and non-verbal. This paper makes a conclusion that as the technology changes, it creates a greater importance of work knowledge. Communities face varying experiences. Technology has undoubtedly shaped the social interactions of people. Thus, it is beneficial if we keep ourselves updated with the manifestations about the social interactions and create opportunities to interact with others, too. This is because the world is dynamic and we have to keep pace with it. It will be good if we try to look at both positive and negative effects of what we do over those social sites, especially via the use of emails, and focus on how technology affects us a whole since the technology can kill or build individuals’ dignity at places of work or any other place.

Role of Carotenoids on the Immune Response

Role of Carotenoids on the Immune Response There is growing evidence from in vitro and in vivo laboratory animal studies that ÃŽ ²-carotene can protect phagocytic cells from autoxidative damage, enhance T and B lymphocyte proliferative responses, stimulate effector T cell functions and enhance macrophage, cytotoxic T cell and natural killer cell tumoricidal capacities, as well as increase the production of certain interleukins. Because of their molecular composition, specifically their highly conjugated double-bond structure carotenoids such as beta-carotene and lutein serve as effective scavenger of the harmful unpaired electrons (eg. singlet oxygen, free radicals) produced by normal metabolic processes that damage body tissues (eg. via lipid peroxidation, Krinsky 1992).The cells of the immune system are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress and may benefit substantially from the free radical trapping ability of carotenoids, as the immune response itself produces reactive oxygen species that disrupt the intercellular si gnals sent via lipid-rich, membrane- bound receptors (Chew 1993). An enormous body of literature has accumulated over the past 20 year demonstrating the potency of carotenoids as immuno stimulants in humans and other mammals(reviewed in Hughes 2001, Krisnsky 2001). However, within the last decade, it has also been suggested that these carotenoid derived sexual colours may signal the health and condition of males of birds and fish of the specific antioxidant and immune stimulatory activity of carotenoids obtained from the diet and transported through the body before they are incorporated into the integument (Lozano 1994, von Schantz et.al; 1999; Moller et.al 2000). This issue continues to be debated on theoretical grounds (Hill 1999a ; Lozano2001), fueld by the idea that colorful birds and fishes obtain far more carotenoids in the diet than carotenoid deprived mammals, thus individuals may not be limited in the extent to which they can use carotenoids to boost their immune response. Early studies demonstrating the ability of dietary carotenoids to prevent infections have left open the possibility that the action of these carotenoids may be through their prior conversion to vitamin A. Subsequent studies to demonstrare the specific action of dietary carotenoids have used carotenoids without provitamin A activity such as lutein, canthaxanthin, lycopene and astaxanthin. In fact, these non provitamin A carotenoids were as active, and at times more mediated and humoral immune response in animals and humans. Results have similarly shown immuno enhancement by non provitamin A carotenoids, based either on the relative activity or on the type of immune response affected compared to ÃŽ ²-carotene Studies on the role of carotenoids on immune response have generally used several key immune function assays. These include Ig production,lymphoblastogenesis, lymphocyte cytotoxic activity, cytokine production, delayed type hypersensitivity. In the 1930s, Green and Mellanby found that infections of the ear, bladder, kidney and gut of vitamin A-deficient rats were prevented when the rats were fed with ÃŽ ²-carotene. The level of carotene needed to prevent these infections was higher than the amount required to stimulate growth. Clauson observed that in young children with severe ear infections, improvement was seen following an increased intake of dietary carotene. These two early reports suggest that the anti-infective effect of ÃŽ ²-carotene may be due to its pro-vitamin A activity. ÃŽ ²-carotene may also have an independent effects on immune responses, separate from its provitamin A activity. ÃŽ ²-carotene and other carotenoids with nine or more conjugated double bonds may enhance immune function by quenching singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species, including free radicals. ÃŽ ²-carotene and canthaxanthin together inhibited the loss of macrophage receptors following exposure to reactive oxygen intermediate (Gruner et. al., 1986). T helper cells are involved in helping B cells secrete specific antibodies in response to an antigenic challenge. Experiments were performed , in which laboratory animals were either fed ÃŽ ²-carotene or canthaxanthin to determine a carotenoid effect, separate from a provitamin A effect on T and B lymphocyte functions. Canthaxanthin has the same ability to quench singlet oxygen and free radicals as ÃŽ ²-carotene but cannot be converted to vitamin A in mammals. Specific immune responses of laboratory animals were similarly enhanced with diets containing canthaxanthin as with diets containing ÃŽ ²-carotene (Benedict and Shapiro 1986). Some new investigations indicate that carotenoid can play a very important role in enhancing immune responses, which can lead to the reduction of tumor growth. The immune system has three cell types capable of killing tumor cells. In a preliminary report, it was shown that human natural killer cells killed significantly more tumor cells when incubated with ÃŽ ²-carotene than human cells not exposed to ÃŽ ²-carotene. ÃŽ ±-carotene also enhanced tumor killing (Leslie and Dubey, 1982). Carotenoids, besides acting through the various mechanisms described earlier, can also influence immune function through their ability to regulate membrane fluidity, and gap junctional communication. All these actions are most likely interrelated in their modulation of an immune response. Carotenoids help to maintain the membrane receptors that are essential for immune function, and they may also be found to be important in the release of immune modulatory lipid molecules such as leukotrienes. Carotenoids may increase the tumoricidal activity of the cytotoxic T cells, macrophages and or natural killer cells by any of these mechanism of action. Carotenoid enhances many aspects of immune function which include T and B lymphocyte proliferation, induction of specific effector cells capable of killing tumor cells, and the secretion of factors required for the communication between immunologically competent cells. The action of carotenoids on immune response hangs in a delicate balance with the intra-and extra cellular milieu, the outcome of which depends not only on the type and concentration of the carotenoid but also on the cell type and animal species involved. Even though studies to date have provided evidence for a specific action of carotenoids much has yet to be done to truly understand their molecular action. CAROTENOID AS PRO-VITAMIN A SOURCE Biosynthesis or conversion of carotendoids into vitamin A: Conversion of carotenoids into vitamin A becomes complicated in fishes and aquatic animals, due to the presence of vitamin A2, which frequently predominated over vitamin A in animals living or spawning in freshwater.The presence of an unsubstituted ÃŽ ²-ionone ring in the caroteniod molecule supports for vitamin A activity. Both vitamin A1, and A2 can be formed in some fishes from common precurors, such as ÃŽ ²-carotene (Morton and Creed, 1939). Carotenoids containing at least one unsubstituted 3, 4 dehydro ÃŽ ²-ionone ring have been shown to act as specific provitamins A2 in chicks (Budowski, et.al 1963) and mice (Budowski and Gross, 1965).According to (Budoswki, et. al 1963) the dehydration of lutein to anhydrolutein (3,4- dehydro-3-hydroxy ÃŽ ²-carotene), a provitamin A2 might be of possible biological significance in this respect. There are two pathways for the conversion of carotenoids to vitamin A in mammals, central cleavage and eccentric cleavage. In 1960, Glover thoughtfully discussed various pathways by which carotenoids might be converted into vitamin A. He indicated that two primary oxidative reaction might occur, one at the central 15, 15’ double bond and the other at one or more of the other double bonds. The product of the central cleavage of ÃŽ ²-carotene would be two molecules of retinal, where as that of eccentric cleavage would be one long and one short ÃŽ ²-apo-carotenal e.g. cyclocitral and ÃŽ ²-apo-8’-carotenal, by the rupture of the 7’:8’ double bond. The enzyme, ÃŽ ²-carotenoid-15, 15’-dioxygenase which converts ÃŽ ²-carotene into two molecules of retinal requires molecular oxygen and is inhibited by sulfhydryl-binding and iron –binding reagents. Most pro vitamin A carotenoids,including the ÃŽ ² apo-carotenals,are cleaved to retinal by this enzyme. Thus, carotenoid dioxygenase with eccentric bond specificity has been indentified in mammals, the yield of ÃŽ ²Ã¢â‚¬â€œapo-carotenals from ÃŽ ²-carotene in vivo and in vitro is very low, and ÃŽ ²-apo-carotenals are formed nonbiologically from ÃŽ ²-carotene. Cyclic carotenes may be oxidized to hydroxylated and epoxide derivatives, converted to allenic and less saturated derivatives, or cleaved oxidatively to shorter products. Central Cleavage: In 1965, the cytosolic enzyme preparations of the intestine and liver converted ÃŽ ²-carotene to retinal were shown by two independent groups (Goodwin, et.al and Olson et. al 1965 ). The enzyme required molecular oxygen, yielded retinal as the sole identified product, was inhibited by ferrous-ion chelating agents and by sulfhydryl binding reagents (Olson, 1983). The main yield of retinal formed from the ÃŽ ²-carotene was 40-60%( Goodman and Huang, 1965) and (Olson, 1969). Since ÃŽ ²-carotene is unstable during isolation by TLC some losses occurred as a result of both biological as well as non biological oxidation during incubation, retinal was the major, if not the sole, biological product of the reaction. The retinal formed was satisfactorily characterized by several chemical and physio-chemical procedures. The enzyme, termed ÃŽ ²-carotenoid 15, 15’- dioxygenase was subsequently purified 20 to 70 fold from the intestines of several species and upon purification it became unstable. ÃŽ ²-carotenoid- 15,15’-dioxygenase cleaves many carotenoids, including several ÃŽ ²-apo-carotenals.There may be some quantative differences but the relative rates of cleavage are similar(Singh and Cama 1974). In general, relative to the aldehyde form, the ÃŽ ²-apo-carotenals are better substrates and the ÃŽ ²-apo-carotenic acids are poorer substrates for the enzyme. Retinal has clearly been identified as one product of the reaction. Eccentric Cleavage. ÃŽ ²-apo-carotenals are intermediate between carotenoids and vitamin A. In conversion of ÃŽ ²-carotene to vitamin A, an important observation was made in a recent study that individual ÃŽ ²-apo-carotenals are formed in small but significant amounts by incubating ÃŽ ²-carotene aerobically in the dark with shaking for an hour in the absence of an enzyme preparation. When compared, the reported rate of enzyme-catalyzed retinal formation is much higher.Despite these low yields, ÃŽ ²-apo-carotenals might still be formed biologically from B-carotene in mammals. But in future studies, the non-biological formation of oxidation products of carotenoids must be carefully assessed and the rate of the eccentric cleavage reaction, both in vivo and in vitro, must be related to the rate of formation of retinal by central cleavage. The metabolism of the ÃŽ ²-apo-carotenals has been addressed primarily in terms of their conversion to vitamin A and their oxidation to ÃŽ ²-apo-carotenoic acids. As analogous of retinal, however, they are expected to be metabolized in a similar way. Thus a significant part of them may well be reduced to ÃŽ ²-apo-carotenols (Glover, 1960) and (Sharma et .al 1977) and subsequently esterified to ÃŽ ²-apo carotenyl esters. Such compounds like retinyl ester and esterified lipids, should be transported primarily in the Chylomicra. Fish are much more versatile than mammals in meeting their needs for vitamin A (Olson, 1983). Fish are able to convert astaxanthin (3,3’-dihydroxy, 4,4’-diketo-ÃŽ ²-carotene), canthaxanthin (4,4 diketo-ÃŽ ²-Carotene) and isozeaxanthin (4,4’-dihydroxy ÃŽ ²-carotene) to ÃŽ ² carotene. They can also convert anhydrolutein derived from lutein, to dehydroretinol (Goswami ;1987). The oxidative metabolites of carotenoids work as essential molecules in a wide variety of living organisms. Carotenoids are converted to biologically active products such as abscisic acid, trisporic acid and retinoic acid in plants, fungi and animals respectively. Their formation is mediated by enzymes that catalyze cleavage reactions against specific double bonds of cartenoids. Moreover, carotenoids vulnerable to oxidation have the potential to be converted to biologically active compounds by chemical transformation. In mammals, ÃŽ ²-carotene 15,15’-dioxygenase catalyzes conversion of ÃŽ ²-carotene to retinal (Olson and Hayaishi, 1965) and (Goodman and Huang 1965). Although the cleavage enzyme plays a crucial role in vitamin A formation, its properties have not yet been fully revealed. The regulatory mechanism of the dioxygenase in particular remains to be clarified in terms of the nutrition of pro-vitamin A carotenoids. Dietary ÃŽ ²-carotene solubilized in mixed micelles wit h bile components and hydrolyzates of dietary lipids is absorbed in intestinal cells. Retinal formed from ÃŽ ²-carotene is further converted to retinyl ester by retinal reductase and lecithin retinol acyltransferase with the aid of cellular retinol binding protien type-II (CRBP-II), and then incorporated into chylomicron (Ong,1993). Thus, the cleavage of ÃŽ ²-carotene in intestinal cells is closely linked to lipid and retinoid metabolism, and the regulation of the cleavage enzyme activity should be considered in this context. Moreover, the cleavage enzyme is located in the intestinal cells, which are directly exposed to various food components. Action of dietary phytochemicals on the dioxygenase activity might affect the bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoid derived from fruits and vegetables. Carotenoids can be oxidized to a number of compounds by chemical transformation, in contrast to the specific cleavage of certain carotenoids by the enzyme, because of the high reactivity of conjugated double bonds to active oxygen species. The enzymatic conversion of ÃŽ ²-carotene to vitamin A, the non-enzymatic cleavage of lycopene, and the biological actions of the oxidation products of lycopene are described in Akihiko Nagao†s paper.

Jane Austins Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Jane Austin Pride Prejudice

Jane Austin's Pride and Prejudice Attitudes to love and marriage in the nineteenth century was very different from the comparatively liberal approach of today, and strict codes of etiquette were applied to Courtship for all but the lower classes of society. At the time of Pride and Prejudice, women's role was firmly in the home and the young ladies portrayed in this middle and upper class, occupied themselves with singing, playing the piano, sewing and other such accomplishments that would enhance their prospects of suitable marriage. Courtship was almost a formal procedure, and often engineered by parents, wishing a suitable match. Jane Austin demonstrates this when Bingley, a rich bachelor, is quickly drawn into the Bennett family on his arrival at Netherfield Park. The book also shows the intricacies of meeting and socialising the Bennett sisters with prospective suitors and the restraints of withholding any affection's until after an engagement. If a couple were to exchange gift, escort one another in carriages or touch intimately they were assumed, engaged. However, in Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austin also wishes to illustrate the desire of young woman to choice lifelong partners for love and compatibility, rather than arranged marriages which are set up for considerations of wealth and social standing. A lot of woman in these days were classed in gentry and were almost entirely dependant on men. However if a woman did not marry she relied financially on her male relatives. They were allowed, employment as a governess but this was viewed as an unsatisfactory way of life. If a woman was proposed to and rejected marriage she would keep the man's failure to herself. She might tell her ... ...d management"(Ch.19 p.319). Mary became more sociable "Mary was obliged to mix with the world" (Ch.19 p.319). Jane Austen has used humour to show us how silly some of the people were in Pride and Prejudice like Mrs Bennets obsession with marriage of her daughters, Mr Collins Pompous character and how Lady Catherine De Bough is so snobbish and nosy. Then she uses Views Of society and rituals of courtship to show the way people lived and to compare it to our lifestyles today. Finally she used Omniscient narrator to show us what the characters are really like and to express her views through them. Love and marriage was very tangled in those days because of strict rules. In the book however they overcame the obstacles of marriage, which changed all of them making them happy or unhappy, but Lizzy and Darcy were happy, as they loved each other very much.

International Student Life Essay

I am a international student who are studying in America. My goals are improving my English and enter a collage. Studying in America has a lot of advantages, such as we can learn new cultures. But Studying in different country is a difficult thing for teenager, for example, we need to adapt to new surroundings. First, studying in America, it is a good thing for me. For example, I can improve English faster, because I have to communicate with teachers, students and my homestay in English every day, I can more practice my spoken. But in China, even though I studied in English school, I spoke Chinese most of the time in my life. The second, I can study a lot of new cultures. For instance, I can study ways of greetings in America. When people get back home, they will say â€Å"Did you have a good day? † then, people will talk about their life. When my homestay ask me, †Did you have a good day? † I am feeling very warm. But in china, when I got back home, I just said† Dad, Mum, I am coming back! † So in my opinion, American greetings could promote sentiment between the parents and friend’s. Finally, I can make friends who can speak English. Such as my friend who name is Myahri. She is from Turkmenistan. She is very nice to me. She taught me how to stay with American family, how to make American friends and how to write essay. She often encourages me. I had a lot of benefit from her. I really cherish this friend. Everything has two handles. Studying in America also has a lot of disadvantages. we need to adapt to new surroundings. For instance, American schools have different school system. In China, students take their all the classes in the same classroom, and the student locker is in their own classroom. But in America , I need take next period book and find next period classroom in five minutes. Sometimes I even have not time to go to bathroom. Then because of cultural differences, for example, American like using Email, but Chinese do not like using Email such as me. I hardly use Email in China. At beginning, because of my regular habit, I missed lots of important information. The last point is language problem. For instance, my English is not good. So some of the classes is very difficult to me. Sometimes I need spent many times doing my homework. Because I need translate questions and handouts. It is hard to keep grade for international student. Studying in America is a difficult thing, but if you try to make America friends, it is very helpful to you. American friends will make your like more colorful. You need spend more time staying with homestay, it will develop relationship between you and your homestay. It is helpful for your daily life. Finally, I think that football is good to know. Everyone in America likes football game. This is a good topic to talk with people. In general, also studying in America is difficult thing to me, but I think that studying in America has more good than bad. This is good chance to improve myself. And studying America , I can have more chance to enter famous university.

Nature of Evil in Othello

The Nature Of Evil In Othello The Nature of Evil in Othello William Shakespeare’s Othello uses different and unique techniques in his language to express the nature of evil throughout the play. Verbal twists and the characters most importantly stress the act of evil. Iago, most of all is portrayed as the â€Å"villain† or â€Å"protagonist in the play. Shakespeare uses this character to set the basis of evil. Each plot point is spiraled further into tragedy due to the nature of Iago and his manipulative language towards the other main characters. Corruption overcomes the Venetian society as Iago uses his crafty skills of deceit. The plan to have Othello turn against the ones he loves is the perfect example of evil’s nature. The power struggle is evident between these two. This situation is the start to Iago’s plan to corrupt the society and take Othello’s place. The root of Iago’s â€Å"evil† is jealousy indeed, in turn changing into a power hungry manipulator. Iago is tired of acting like one â€Å"courteous and knee-crooking knave† like he always appears to be [I. i. 46]. Since Iago is reluctant to choose to be a master, he is the servant that bites off the fame and â€Å"keep yet their hearts attending on themselves,† still showing his service to his master but instead is more self-preserving with no attachments at all towards the master [I. i. 52]. Irony is used diligently in Shakespeare’s unique language style. Referred by Othello as â€Å"honest Iago†, the irony is very evident in this title. Iago is everything but honest but this proves how easily led and manipulated Othello is. The traits Iago possess are unexpected to a normal villain. He comes across as charming and smart, he can also be referred to a wolf in sheep’s clothing. For example, he knows Roderigo is in love with Desdemona and figures that he would do anything to have her as his own. Iago says about Roderigo, â€Å"Thus do I ever make my fool my purse. † [I iii. 355,] By playing on his hopes, Iago is able to conjure money and jewels from Roderigo, making himself a profit, while using Roderigo to further his other plans. He also thinks stealthy on his feet and is able to improvise whenever something unexpected occurs. When Cassio takes hold of Desdemona's hand before the arrival of the Moor Othello, Iago says, â€Å"With as little a web as this will I ensnare as great a fly as Cassio. † [II, i, 163] This language demonstrates the evil inside Iago’s goals of retrieving absolute power. He actually even says of himself, â€Å"I am an honest man†¦. † [II, iii, 245]    Iago slowly corrupts the character’s thoughts, creating ideas in their minds without implicating himself. His â€Å"medicine works! Thus credulous fools are caught†¦. † [II, i, 44] â€Å"And what's he then that says I play the villain, when this advice is free I give, and honest,† [II, iii, 299] says Iago. In turn, people rarely stop to consider the fact that old Iago could be deceiving and manipulating them; yet they are convinced that he is â€Å"Honest Iago. † From these quotes from â€Å"Othello† it is proven that the dialogue used between Iago and the others is manipulative causing an evil outcome. Iago’s complexity in character grows as the play comes closer to a conclusion. The tricky and crafty way Shakespeare uses the evil in Iago is to make him seem amoral as opposed to the typical immoral villain. At the climactic end of the play, Iago's plot and plan is given away to Othello by his own wife, Emilia. Iago kills his wife seeing her as a non entity to his vicious foresight. He kills her not out of anger but for more pragmatic reasons. She served no purpose to him anymore and she can now only hurt his chances of keeping the position he has been given by Othello. Iago's black hearted taking of Emilia's and Roderigo's lives is another proof of his amorality. The root of all evil stems from some would say money, but in this case it is power. To drive Iago to get the power he wants, he is fueled by jealousy. The way jealousy affects the other characters is uncanny. Othello is led down the same path as Iago which is exactly what he wants. The other characters all play off Iago’s misfortunes in turn making Iago’s manipulative plan a success. â€Å"Divinity of hell! When devils will their blackest sins put on, they do suggest at first with heavenly shows, as I do now. †(II, iii, 348) This is the first quote that it is evident Iago is jealous. He is the voice of jealousy in its entirety, giving way to the evil deeds that drive the play. There is a counter argument to the fact whether Iago is truly â€Å"evil.    In Richard Grant’s, Studies in Shakespeare, describes the dual aspects of the character of Iago, whose external demeanor is characterized by warm sympathy for his friends and apparent trustworthiness among his peers, but whose real and inner nature is amoral, heartless, and entirely self-interested. The fact that Iago was the youngest out of the group of characters, Grants theory on Iago’s evil nature i s that he adapted it by consciously adopting it. â€Å"Brave, and a good soldier, he was also of that order of ability which lifts a man speedily above his fellows. His manners and his guise were of a dashing military sort; and his manner had a corresponding bluntness, tempered, at times, by tact to a warm-hearted effusiveness, by the very tact which prompted the bluntness. † [Grant: Studies in Shakespeare, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1886, pp. 258-79] Grants theory can twist the minds of what Iago has always been thought of to be. The typical villain is taken as something else in this scenario. Being in the military, in is in Iago’s nature to make his way to the top. His actions may not have been particularly â€Å"evil†, but yet understood. Another excerpt from Grants theory, â€Å" All the principal personages of the tragedy, Desdemona and Cassio included, thus regard him; although Cassio, himself a soldier, is most impressed by Iago's personal bravery and military ability. In speaking of him, he not being present, the lieutenant calls him the bold Iago, and in his presence says to Desdemona that she may relish him more in the soldier than in the scholar,† [II. i. 75, 165-66] [Grant: Studies in Shakespeare, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1886, pp. 234] further explains how the soldier instinct in Iago has replaced his demeanor rather than â€Å"evil. The sheer importance of the character Iago is immense. The theory of Iago being â€Å"evil† or just jealous of a military position is up for debate. The interesting fact about Shakespeare’s characters is the relation they have in real life. As Grant explains, â€Å"In Iago Shakespeare has presented a character that could not have escaped his observat ion; for it is of not uncommon occurrence except in one of its elements, utter unscrupulousness. But for this, Iago would be a representative type, representative of the gifted, scheming, plausible, and pushing man, who gets on by the social art known as making friends. This man is often met with in society. Sometimes he is an adventurer, like Iago, but most commonly he is not; and that he should be so is not necessary to the perfection of his character,† [Grant: Studies in Shakespeare, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1886, pp. 205] you can see the relations Iago has to a specific stereotype of a person in the real world. In another excerpt, â€Å"Thus far Iago's character is one not rare in any society nor at any time. Yet it has been misapprehended; and the cause of its misapprehension is the one element in which it is peculiar. Iago is troubled with no scruples, absolutely none. He has intellectual perceptions of right and wrong, but he is utterly without the moral sense. He has but one guide of conduct, self-interest. [Grant: Studies in Shakespeare, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1886, pp. 205] Grant explains how Iago is just lacking moral sense. He may not in fact be â€Å"evil† at all. He can simply just be greedy and envious in result of not gaining the position in the military. â€Å"Iago, however, had no thought of driving Othello to suicide. Far from it. Had he supposed the train he laid would have exploded in that catastrophe; he would at least have sought his end by other means. For Othello was necessary to him. He wanted the lieutenancy; and he was willing to ruin a regiment of Cassios, and to cause all the senators' daughters in Venice to be smothered, if that were necessary to his end. But otherwise he would not have stepped out of his path to do them the slightest injury; nay, rather would have done them some little service, said some pretty thing, shown some attaching sympathy, that would have been an item in the sum of his popularity. There is no mistaking Shakespeare's intention in the delineation of this character. He meant him for a most attractive, popular, good-natured, charming, selfish, cold-blooded and utterly unscrupulous scoundrel. † (pp. 333-34) [Grant: Studies in Shakespeare, Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1886, pp. 205] This excerpt further explains Iago’s nature being exactly how Shakespeare intended yet a little different than what the average reader would think of him. The nature of evil is strictly evident as the play comes to an end, yet it is viewed as an opinion or a theory whether Iago is truly â€Å"evil. † Ironically, Iago’s words speak louder than his actions, proving how legitimate Shakespeare’s use of language for the character was. This dynamic use of language is significant because it can alter the thought of the reader whether Iago was truly evil or just using military tactics to better him. Iago and his use of language set the main plot for every characters outcome.

political movements essays

political movements essays There were many political movements in history, each with their own strategy for mobilizing the people to rise to the cause. However, each of these strategies had similar goals to reach as many people as possible. Each movement was staged in different times and the social conditions of those times influenced the ways that the leaders of these poltical movements mobilized, but the similarities in their strategies are noticible. The slave revolt organized by Denmark Vesey and the Civil Rights Movement are prime examples of these different strategies of mobilizing society. Denmark Vesey had three main tactics for attracting support for his slave revolt, religion, fear and intelligence. Vesey was a minister class leader at the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, South Carolina. He used his session of bilblical instruction to put his word out to groups of people. He tried to prove from it [the Bible] that slavery and bondage is against the Bible (Robertson, 47). He read from the Bible about how the children of Israel were delivered out of Egypt from bondage. It was testified at his trial that he emphasized frequently, and which his black listeners... recalled his applying to their bondage at Charleston were Josua 6:21 and Zacharia 14:1-2: And they utterly destroyed all tthat were in the city, both man and woman, both youg and old... and Behold, the day of the Lord cometh, adn they spoil shall be divided in the midst of thee. For I shall gather all nations against Jerusalem to battle; and the city taken, and the houses rifled, and the women ravished... By utlilizing passages from the BIble to show that slavery was wrong and to demonstrate his desire for a violent and total revolt, he was telling the blacks of Charleston that God willed their revolt. Vesey used relitgion because the AME Church was a meeting place of slaves and free blacks away fro...

Newfoundland and Labrador Facts

Newfoundland and Labrador Facts The most eastern province in Canada consists of the island of Newfoundland and Labrador which is on the mainland of Canada. Newfoundland and Labrador are the youngest Canadian province, joining Canada in 1949. Location of Newfoundland and Labrador The island of Newfoundland is at the mouth of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, with the Atlantic Ocean on the north, east and south. The island of Newfoundland is separated from Labrador by the Strait of Belle Isle. Labrador is on the northeastern tip of the Canadian mainland, with Quebec to the west and south, and the Atlantic Ocean down to the Strait of Belle Isle on the east. The northern tip of Labrador is on the Hudson Strait. See Interactive Map of Newfoundland and Labrador. Area of Newfoundland and Labrador 370,510.76 sq. km (143,055 sq. miles) (Statistics Canada, 2011 Census) Population of Newfoundland and Labrador 514,536 (Statistics Canada, 2011 Census) Capital City of Newfoundland and Labrador St. Johns, Newfoundland Date Newfoundland Entered Confederation March 31, 1949 See Joey Smallwood Biography. Government of Newfoundland Progressive Conservative Newfoundland Provincial Elections Last Newfoundland Provincial Election: October 11, 2011 Next Newfoundland Provincial Election: October 13, 2015 Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Paul Davis Main Newfoundland and Labrador Industries Energy, fisheries, mining, forestry, tourism

Cute Birthday Quotes

Cute Birthday Quotes Forgot your best friends birthday? Dont expect to escape unscathed. Perhaps you are thinking about gifting your friend an expensive belated birthday gift. Here is a better idea. Use these cute birthday quotes to make an outstanding birthday card. These cute birthday quotes will melt a touchy heart without being overt. Now, isnt this idea more personalized and yet lighter on your pocket? Benjamin FranklinOne today is worth two tomorrows. Robert FrostA diplomat is a man who always remembers a womans birthday but never remembers her age. Jean Paul RichterOur birthdays are feathers in the broad wing of time. Lucille BallThe secret of staying young is to live honestly, eat slowly, and lie about your age. George HarrisonAll the world is birthday cake, so take a piece, but not too much. Steven WrightI remember when the candle shop burned down.Everyone stood around singing Happy Birthday. Oprah WinfreyThe more you praise and celebrate your life, the more there is in life to celebrate. Menachem Mendel SchneersonBecause time itself is like a spiral, something special happens on your birthday each year: The same energy that God invested in you at birth is present once again. John GlennThere is still no cure for the common birthday. Jonathan Swift May you live all the days of your life. PlautusLet us celebrate the occasion with wine and sweet words. George William CurtisAge is a matter of feeling, not of years. Benjamin FranklinAt 20 years of age the will reigns; at 30 the wit; at 40 the judgment. Johnny CarsonThe worst gift is a fruitcake.There is only one fruitcake in the entire world, and people keep sending it to each other. Robert OrbenThe best birthdays of all are those that havent arrived yet.

A State Tax on Plastic Shopping Bags Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A State Tax on Plastic Shopping Bags - Case Study Example These may take much longer than expected to decompose, approximately a thousand years since they are non-biodegradable materials. They also release harmful elements when burned. The waste then spreads to the major water sources posing serious danger to the marine life. What questions did you have while working on this case? When working on this case I had the following questions as a guideline. 1. How is the reception by the families and residents on the introduction of the 5 cents tax? 2. Will the 5 cents tax result to any difference in the polythene bags usage? 3. How will the revenue accrued from the new tax be used? 4. What are the opinions of the environmentalists on the issue of the use of plastic bags in California State? 5. What are the available plastic wastes management options that can be employed? What do you consider the most useful information provided with the case? Among the useful information provided in the case include the information that if the tax imposed is ver y little there will be no effect on the consumer behavior. The grocery checkouts also prefer plastic bags as compared to other bags. This is because they are cheaper and cost between $0.005 U.S. cents and $0.01 U.S. cents as compared with paper bags which cost between $0.05 and $0.15 U.S. cents. It is also documented that the number of plastic bags used in California stands at 500 billion. Environmental advocates also support that reusable bags should be used in place of plastic bags. What assumptions did you have while working on this case? I assumed that the state shall have a properly established channel for the tax collection. It will also handle the issue of litter pollution. I also assumed that once the tax is introduced, all the consumers will reduce the amounts of plastic polythene bags and instead opt for the reusable bags or paper bags. The groceries will also start charging for the packaging. Through these considerations I assumed that consumers will develop a habit of se eking an alternative method in carrying their shopping and reduce plastic bag usage. In the same manner, the disposal crisis that has been a major concern shall also be addressed. What tool(s) did you used in analyzing the information? I did a total analysis of the figures and data of the actual effects of the introduction of the five cent tax for every polythene bag usage on the producers. In addition to this, I compared the effect of this tax introduction with other mechanisms that can be employed in controlling polythene bag waste management in California State. I also analyzed the fiscal amount of revenue that may be accrued from the imposition of the tax. What are your findings? The introduction of the tax will greatly contribute to sanity in the marine environment which accounts for forty three billion dollars in proceeds and over four hundred thousand employment opportunities yearly. Though there was a mixed reaction from the introduction of the 5 cents tax, the general publi c really does support it. They cite that there will be a relief of about two million dollars on the locals from paying garbage collection fee yearly. The plastic manufacturers will however oppose it. They cite potential loss of income and fines in failure to comply with the tax policy. The findings indicate that the poor are concerned that from the imposed taxes will result into a higher cost for the polythene bags. This will have a greater impact on the low-income

Key terms, Issues & Conditions for legal confessions Essay

Key terms, Issues & Conditions for legal confessions - Essay Example Lastly informants may give a wrong or unreliable testimony in return for money or special treatment. In U.S.A alone, there have been about 303 convictions that end up exonerated after proper DNA examination (Fender, 2012). In June 1994, Jacie Taylor, a 19 years old girl body was found on a bathtub in her apartment after she was raped and murdered. During the house search for any evidence that would be useful in the case, the police found a blanket with semen on the victims couch. They also spotted and collected a bloody shirt belonging to Robert Dewey, the only and major suspect, during an interview in his apartment. The shirt was then sent to an investigations DNA laboratory for further examination (Fender, 2012). A year later a scientist from a Texas laboratory was brought before the court to testify. He said that the blood on Mr. Robert Dewey was a mixture and that some of it would be Miss Jacie Taylor’s. Mr. Robert Dewey went to prison and the evidence was contained in a laboratory in California. In 2000, Colorado introduced new medical technological tests known as STR testing that could examine and show more complex DNA features such as double helix. They also began uploading the DNAs of all the convicts in the CODIS database. Six years later even a more refined and accurate DNA technology known as YSTR test was introduced (Fender, 2012). YSTR tests could separate female DNA from that of male in case the two happened to mix up. With this technology, Danyel Joffe the Dewey’s post- conviction attorney, with the help of New York Innocence Project had the evidence held in the laboratory in California to be re-tested. The case was reviewed and the evidence at hand retested using a â€Å"mini filer† technology that could pull more comprehensive profiles from ruined DNA samples. The new evidence revealed that the blood on Mr. Robert Dewey’s shirt did not contain Miss Taylor’s blood. The technology also revealed

Borders Group Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Borders Group Inc - Essay Example The Borders Company facilitates online shopping through their website, Borders.com. This facility assists customers to get easy access to company’s products and services from any part of the globe any time. It mainly offers e-books through online shopping and it additionally offers a desktop e-Reader for computers, which would also suit many other applications. Similarly, Borders’ promotional tactics involve offers sent to customers as e-mails and text messages. The company gives great emphasis on collaborated operations because the firm believes that this practice would ensure organizational sustainability and further business expansion. For instance, the ‘Borders’ formed an agreement with Starbucks subsidiary Seattle’s Best Coffee so as to enhance its expansion activities. Another notable feature of the company is that Borders’ international expansion is based on franchising strategy. Likewise, diversification is also one of the main grand s trategies of ‘Borders’. Recently, in 2008, the company opened 14 stores nationwide that offer variety of electronic devices such as MP3 players and Sony Reader. 3. Long-term objectives It is evident that international expansion is set as Borders’ long term objective. The company has opened a large number of stores in different parts of the world namely in UK, Singapore, Malaysia, Oman, and Sharjah. The words of Borders group chief executive officer George Jones (cited in The Free Library) indicate that the company emphasizes on the superstore business because the management believes that superstore is the foundation of their strong brand. After a failure in global market, the firm... ‘Borders’ seems not to have employed this strategy so far. To illustrate, its online prices are always different from that of in-store prices and they are subject to changes without giving any prior notice (Borders). The company tends to charge an additional premium for this facility. Focus strategy involves concentration on narrow market segments in order to focus the interests of that segment (Marketing Plan). Grand strategy involves framing comprehensive plans to meet the major objectives of a firm by employing all available weapons such as ‘market, product, organizational development through acquisition, divestiture, diversification, joint ventures, and strategic alliances† (Grand strategy). The Borders Company facilitates online shopping through their website, Borders.com. This facility assists customers to get easy access to company’s products and services from any part of the globe any time. Long-term objectives It is evident that international expansion is set as Borders’ long term objective. The company has opened a large number of stores in different parts of the world namely in UK, Singapore, Malaysia, Oman, and Sharjah. The words of Borders group chief executive officer George Jones (cited in The Free Library) indicate that the company emphasizes on the superstore business because the management believes that superstore is the foundation of their strong brand. In addition, the firm frames wide ranges of marketing and promotional tactics in order to maintain brand loyalty.

Social identity theory of intergroup conflict Essay

Social identity theory of intergroup conflict - Essay Example Based on the findings in accordance to the mentioned aspects, further explanation has been provided in respect of the behavioural implications of Social Identity Theory. Definition of Identity As explained in the Identity Theory in Walumbwa & et. al. (2011), the term ‘Identity’ is quite challenging to be defined with the use of a momentary and acceptable statement that can succinctly hold the range of its meaning. Conceptually, ‘identity’, as a term, refers to the social categories and sources of an individual’s self-respect or dignity at the same time, which often becomes a major driver of intergroup disputes. To put it in simple words, identity is the combination of what features a person or a thing beholds, i.e. the uniformity of a person or a thing at all the time. According to the study of Gao & Riley (2010), the identity features in a person commonly involves certain attributes that may be termed as â€Å"internal stickiness†, which at a broader context can be examined to hinder psychological knowledge ownership of a person and raise issues in terms of ‘possessiveness’. ... characteristic attributes or social behaviour or (b) may refer to socially distinctive features those are identifiable when a person deciphers a degree of pride in his/her attitude in a manner that is somewhat unchangeable but socially consequential, or (a) and (b) at once. The social identity theory expands the meaning of ‘Identity’ to a broader realm, which is completely different from the captured definition of the term in dictionary (Walumbwa & et. al., 2011). Notably, these two major attributes (a) and (b) differ from one group to another, reflecting through the individual role performances and hence, are likely to become a major reason of intergroup conflict (Walumbwa & et. al., 2011). Correspondingly, it can be argued that studying identity shall contribute towards the mitigation of intergroup conflicts and therefore contribute to a healthier relationship amid the group members. Significance of studying Identity in understanding intergroup conflicts The social ide ntity theory differentiates personal identity and social identity explaining that personal identity is an explanation and estimation of oneself in terms of idiosyncratic personal attributes or one’s specific relationship with other people. On the contrary, social identity is a description and valuation of oneself in relation to shared attributes that expresses the specific group’s membership one belongs to (Schwartz, 2011). As explained by Kraus (2011), social identity works as a member of group, and not as an individual. In self-identity, therefore, there is no outside influence to control an individual’s perspective one way or the other, whereas in social identity, a person’s self-identity is combined with the group’s identity, to which one belongs and becomes more aware of what they

Developments of Music and How the Internet Has Changed the Music Essay

Developments of Music and How the Internet Has Changed the Music Industry for Artists - Essay Example Later on in the century, other modifications had to be fixed to the mechanism to enable audio playback for the sounds captured by the device (Inglis 2006, p. 111). This was essentially in the form of a phonograph, which was pioneered by Thomas Edison. The phonograph enabled for the reproduction of the recorded music as opposed to the phonautograph that only enabled recording but no playback. An advancement of the phonograph led to the invention of the world renowned gramophone, which then set a new bar in the production of, and recording of musical pieces. Emile Berliner held the patent for the gramophone, thereby cementing her name in the music production history. It also brought the onset of disks as a medium for storing sound pieces and later on allowing for their playback through a form of rotational mechanism. However, all these advancements in the production of music still relied on mechanical mechanisms, as their periods of invention fell within the time that could not allow f or integration with electricity (Fenlon 2009, p. 243). The onset of electronic recording was in the early 20th century, and this greatly improved the recording and production of music. This was especially with the advent of the microphone, which replaced the initial mechanical means of recording sound. After the introduction of the electric forms of music recording, most of the music production processes adopted the microphone as the chief equipment for recording music (Goetschius & Tapper 2001, p. 211). This was still reliant upon discs where the electronic recording would be applied either on a single side or on both sides of the disc. Furthermore, another breakthrough in the line of music recording came with the invention of magnetic form of music recording. This was through an... This essay approves that music production has been highly modernized in respect to technological advancements. This is especially since the first forms of music production were an easy task that involved neither a lot of people nor any forms of complex instruments or mechanisms. The pioneering music production mechanisms involved quick processes that took only a couple of days and the music would have been produced. These early forms of recording, such as acoustical recording mechanisms, involved live and direct recording of the music on a medium. Through this, music was passed through some medium to finally reach the audience. This report makes a conclusion that upcoming artists need not be within recording studios as they can easily send their raw musical compositions to producers through the internet who then process it and give them feedback still through the internet. On a general outlook, the internet is used throughout the production of music in the contemporary world. All processes ranging from the recording to the advertising and distribution is web based and the process has been made even faster. The development of music from the initial phases pioneered by Thomas Edison to the era of the internet in relation to music production has highly influenced the trends in how music has developed. All the stages have been essential in music transformation, with the internet being the most revolutionary in most perspectives.

European Union Law- (Problem Question) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

European Union Law- (Problem Question) - Essay Example Certainly, there has been no enforcement of the minimal redundancy directive by the ECJ. Because ‘a directive shall leave to national authorities the choice of form and methods’ and always requires national implementation which can lead to different implementation methods in different member states (UK Redundancy, 2003), Andrew, who worked for an emanation of the state, might have better positioning than Boris, who worked for a private entity. EC/EU law takes priority over the law of Member States if there is inconsistency between them. If in any respect British law is incompatible with applicable European Community law, then an individual who suffers loss as a result may be able to claim compensation from the British government due to state liability. This result is unlikely for Boris coming from the private sector both because the British government normally goes to considerable trouble to ensure that British law conforms with EC directives and because the British Courts will resolve any ambiguity in the wording of a British statute in a way which is cons istent with EC law. The courts will also interpret British law in a way which is consistent with applicable EC law unless the wording of the British provision makes this impossible. Nevertheless, there are several examples of cases in which British law has been held to be unenforceable because it is inconsistent with EC Directives (European Communities Act, 2005). Sr Francovich sued the Italian government on the grounds that he had suffered loss as a result of the governments failure to implement EC Directive 80/987 ("on the approximation of the laws of Member States relating to the protection of employees in the event of insolvency of their employer"). He was employed by a company in between January 1983 and April 1984. The employer went bankrupt owing him some 6m lire (approx  £3,000) pay. He obtained judgment

Developments of Music and How the Internet Has Changed the Music Essay

Developments of Music and How the Internet Has Changed the Music Industry for Artists - Essay Example Later on in the century, other modifications had to be fixed to the mechanism to enable audio playback for the sounds captured by the device (Inglis 2006, p. 111). This was essentially in the form of a phonograph, which was pioneered by Thomas Edison. The phonograph enabled for the reproduction of the recorded music as opposed to the phonautograph that only enabled recording but no playback. An advancement of the phonograph led to the invention of the world renowned gramophone, which then set a new bar in the production of, and recording of musical pieces. Emile Berliner held the patent for the gramophone, thereby cementing her name in the music production history. It also brought the onset of disks as a medium for storing sound pieces and later on allowing for their playback through a form of rotational mechanism. However, all these advancements in the production of music still relied on mechanical mechanisms, as their periods of invention fell within the time that could not allow f or integration with electricity (Fenlon 2009, p. 243). The onset of electronic recording was in the early 20th century, and this greatly improved the recording and production of music. This was especially with the advent of the microphone, which replaced the initial mechanical means of recording sound. After the introduction of the electric forms of music recording, most of the music production processes adopted the microphone as the chief equipment for recording music (Goetschius & Tapper 2001, p. 211). This was still reliant upon discs where the electronic recording would be applied either on a single side or on both sides of the disc. Furthermore, another breakthrough in the line of music recording came with the invention of magnetic form of music recording. This was through an... This essay approves that music production has been highly modernized in respect to technological advancements. This is especially since the first forms of music production were an easy task that involved neither a lot of people nor any forms of complex instruments or mechanisms. The pioneering music production mechanisms involved quick processes that took only a couple of days and the music would have been produced. These early forms of recording, such as acoustical recording mechanisms, involved live and direct recording of the music on a medium. Through this, music was passed through some medium to finally reach the audience. This report makes a conclusion that upcoming artists need not be within recording studios as they can easily send their raw musical compositions to producers through the internet who then process it and give them feedback still through the internet. On a general outlook, the internet is used throughout the production of music in the contemporary world. All processes ranging from the recording to the advertising and distribution is web based and the process has been made even faster. The development of music from the initial phases pioneered by Thomas Edison to the era of the internet in relation to music production has highly influenced the trends in how music has developed. All the stages have been essential in music transformation, with the internet being the most revolutionary in most perspectives.

Socialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Socialism - Essay Example    America is perceived as an exceptional country by many of the political thinkers. In fact the term American exceptionalism is generally used when people try to compare American societies with other societies. â€Å"There is no questioning the fact that, from the last quarter of the nineteenth century on, the most developed country has been the United States† (LIPSET & MARKS). In other words, the conditions of the working class was comparatively better in United States than in any other country in the world from the latter half of 19 th century onwards. So, American workers never thought about forming a political party to safeguard their interests as it happened in Europe and other parts of the world. Engels attributed the political backwardness of American workers to the absence of a feudal past. Thus, he wrote in 1890 that Americans "are born conservatives—just because America is so purely bourgeois, so entirely without a feudal past and therefore proud of its pur ely bourgeois organization" (LIPSET & MARKS). Unlike many other societies in Europe and other parts of the world, feudalism had not much roots in America societies. In other words, the working class never experienced much trouble from the dominant wealthy community even though American economy was a capitalist economy.

Managing Change A Case Study of Corus Strip Products UK

Managing Change A Case Study of Corus Strip Products UK Using suitable and significant models, theories and concepts, this report examines how the company Corus implemented a current change initiative at its sub-division (Corus Strip Products UK) in a reaction to the obvious threat of increased competition from new entrants in the steel industry. By considering the case study, this assignment uses the Gradualist Paradigm of change to discuss how barriers to change at CSP UK were overcome and how the measurement of outcomes of change influenced organisational transformation. This will be employed to confirm and critique any suggestion made to its executive relating to the sustainability of the business. INTRODUCTION Corus Strip Products UK (CSP UK) is a leading producer of strip steel valuable in various manufacturing and construction sectors. It aims to be a leader in steel industry, by providing better products, higher quality services, and better value for money than its rivals. It needs constant development of entire working environment and culture in order to meet its ambition for growth. In 2010, it published a case study (The Times 100 Business Case Study: Corus) that explains how barriers to change were overcome in its sub-division. CSP UK initiated the Journey program in 2005. The company sought to tackle an extensive variety of issues but was specific in its tasks and framework which centred on the values and beliefs of its people. Fundamentally, this needed a combined effort from stakeholders (employees, contractors, suppliers and other associates) uniting on a set of guiding principles (8) that will define the core of the business namely honesty, professionalism, integrity, respect, improvement, excellence, fairness and transparency. The objective of this assignment is to form the concepts of the methods of change and learning of key stakeholders in the case study, using appropriate and relevant models. The results will be used to justify and critique recommendations to the management for future initiatives to sustain development at Corus. MAIN CONTENT Drivers (reasons) for change Due to the dynamic and disordered nature of steel markets, change was unavoidable at CSP UK in other to retain its competitive advantages. Inefficiencies within the business at CSP UK led to delays and wastage in production. Exports of products from the UK were more expensive compared to other countries, reducing its competitive advantage. CSP UK had dedicated workforce but there was a lack of motivation by work situations and signs of poor health and safety culture. External drivers for change centred upon increase competition from new entrants in the steel industry especially from Eastern Europe and Far East. This had a negative effect on demand leading to higher cost of its products, reducing its attractiveness to potential customers. Also advances in technology resulted in customers wanting better products, leading Corus to focus on innovation. CSP UK had a poor public opinion regarding environmental issues and this contributed to changes within the firm informing its business strategy, policies and procedures of the future. Types of change In order to understand change processes at CSP UK over time, it is vital to look at how the organisation understood the change cycle (Tushman, 1970) and how environmental factors affected its strategic vision. Since the 1970s, there has been a gradual decline of old products with the emergence of new products needed to increase future prospects. The Journey program showed both incremental and transformational changes over its period of implementation. It built on high skill set of its stakeholders and focused on how to improve work systems adaptable to the demands of new markets. Its framework for cultural transformation was at an organisational level, focusing on developing new and dynamic set of values that is different from earlier times (Burnes 2009, in Hayes). Previous drives for change from the Corus case report, showed signs of programmatic or planned change occurring. Looking at Total Quality Management (TQMs) initiative as well as prior programs, there was a focus on work reprogramming which included rationalizing of costs leading to a downsized labour force (~ 13% of total costs). However, CSP UK is an organisation of highly skilled and dedicated people and for future prosperity, there has to be a greater focus on how systemic (e.g. job enhancement, people empowerment and team building) and organisation development (including training, education and indoctrination of cultural values) can effect growth and improvement of business. Barriers to Change The 1970s were characterised by job reductions, redundancies, and a shortage of apprenticeships leading to doubt in workforce regarding new initiatives (refraining forces). Furthermore, certain members of staff at CSP UK gradually became unconcerned to business initiatives as they and the business had survived earlier testing times. The fear of the unfamiliar led to anxiety about existing teams and positions; hence the management at CSP UK sought to clarify the collective interest of all. Corus is a reputable firm in a conventional industry showing rigidity in certain aspects of its business. It had difficulty in modifying certain business practices to take advantage of advances in technology. This is damaging to its growth prospect and weakens its drive for innovation that adds value to its products and services. Additionally, the personnel at CSP UK showed signs of ageing, which demonstrated a slow pace to change. The pace of change has to be right, not too slow but not too fast as this can lead to a mis-alignment with the environment (Johnson Scholes 1991 in Hayes 2007). Transfer of skills amongst staff was limited and affected the ability of the firm to attract the brightest, youngest individuals available, important for future development. Company policy of rewarding long service rather than distinguished service reinforced the companys lack of dynamism, and its need to adapt business models to reward productivity and not longevity. CSP UK must focus on incentives that recognise suitable professional behaviours both natural and acquired. Methods of Overcoming Barriers CSP UK understood the importance of involving all stakeholders and effectively communicating the process of change. It defined its present performance standard (As Is) and future goals (To Be), stressing the importance of managing transitional periods and sustaining and revising its outlook. High impact techniques were used to demonstrate the state of the business highlighting where improvements could be made. In one instance, 150 senior managers were invited to Millennium Stadium Cardiff only to be met with shoddy service like servings of cold tea and the use of a broken slide projector. In addition, videos of poor standards were shown to managers, as well as the consultations with local school children which highlighted poor public opinion regarding the vision and practices of the business (e.g. environmental issues). Alarmingly, there was no dissent from the invitees, demonstrating a difference between industry standards and expectations of employees, representing a huge barrier t o reforming the firm. To tackle this, stakeholders at Corus had to be made aware of their right to challenge. Individual ownership of change was fit into the work setting and personal responsibility for change was encouraged. To this day, over 5000 employees have signed up to the beliefs and principles of the firm. Approaches to Managing and Leading the Change Process The Gradualist Paradigm The gradualist paradigm of change states that, basic change occurs through a process of continuous adjustment as change is emergent, i.e., there is no deliberate organisation for change (Weick Quinn, 1999). Therefore, for successful implementation of change, management and communication of change is vital. Leaders at CSP UK focused on its future prospects, its vision for change and how its culture identity can build emotional links within its workforce; while its management team focused on the present and set out a combined (economical organisational development) strategy for company transformation (Beer 2001 in Hayes 2009, chapter 14). Nahavandi, 2000 (in Burnes) Kotter, 1990 (in Hayes) stressed the importance of change managers developing suitable capacity and logistic to implement change. Managers at CSP UK set out clear targets (top-down directives), established steps to be taken and allocated resources as needed, with the aim of improving economic value of its products. Credit must be given to its managerial style which showed flexibility between transformational (innovative and adaptive culture) and transactional models recognising and rewarding success. A note must be made of the inter-changing roles of leaders and managers at CSP UK which were not mutually exclusive, but where sometimes combined in times of change for greater efficiency (Bolden, 2004 in Hayes). Organisational development strategies at CSP UK focused on enhancing the abilities of its stakeholders by involving and supporting individuals in their roles. It passed on its organisational vision clearly and focused on creating an enabling environment that increases productivity. It promoted a culture of involvement and shared purpose, focusing on the individual as champions of change. To achieve this, it used a range of communication channels including written and verbal interactions such as newsletters, workshops, intranet messages, heart-to-heart conversations, etc. The management team at CSP UK expected certain hindrances like the lack of trust in managers and resistance to change (restraining forces) and was well equipped to meet these challenges. Change in itself can be a violent process, especially in terms of restructuring, recruitment and redundancy, so mediating and actively listening to the fears and desires of its stakeholders is crucial. Beer (2001, in Hayes) stresses the importance of upward communication and underlines the need for information distribution and individuals buying-into the need for reform. At the moment, there is collective support from individuals, teams and departments to improve its culture. In effect, the Journey sought out to manage a psychological contract based on core values that shape outcomes relating to job output. Measuring the Outcomes of Change The Journey program contributed hugely to the viability of business at Corus Strip Product, UK. Its production volume has increased by 4.5% to a run-rate of 5 million tonnes. Absenteeism is at an all time low and there has also been an improvement of goods and service to its customers. There are stricter targets for Health and Safety; with safety teams tasked with maintaining an accident-free environment. These have all contributed to the establishment of a robust business especially in the backdrop of harsh economic realities in 2008 and 2009. Crucial business forecast for 2009/2010 predicts cost reduction of approximately  £250 million. In order for an effective transitional period at CSP UK, it developed integrated feedback mechanisms that made the review process easy, and its adaptability to meet new deadlines. Midway indicators were set to integrate the workforce into achieving stated objectives. There has also been a massive number of quick wins, which has contributed to a greater yield and continues to improve the cost-effectiveness of the business. RECOMMENDATIONS This report has raised the issue of an organisational-wide business process re-engineering (BPR) at Corus as reinforced by gains showed at its sub-division (CSP UK) from implemented reforms. The plant is on target to attain a 20% reduction in cost of production of steel. Using CSP UK as a model, organisational structures can be redesigned world-wide that are more flexible and less hierarchical to accomplish faster and more adaptable responses to changing markets. For sustainable growth, Antonacopoulou Gabriel (2001); Argyris (1991) argued for the need for new learning to occur during the change process to allow for a gradual transformation of Corus from an organisation learning (OL) to being a learning organisation (LO). To be ahead of rivals in the sector, Corus has to continually invest in new systems especially apprenticeships to renew its workforce and to create a forward-thinking environment. Strebels cycle of competitive behaviour (in Hayes 2007) illustrates the importance of Corus having the adequate structures that it uses to predict technological, political (e.g. new laws) and economic changes in the steel industry. In the 1970s competition was fierce with rivals reacting to add value to their products to maintain market relevance. This led to an oversupply of products (breaking point) with insufficient demand and a consequent downturn leading to job losses. CSP UK acted rightly to formulate efficiency strategies resulting in Total Quantity Management initiative (TQMs) to improve competitiveness and productivity. Total labour cost is low (~13% of total cost) in contrast to energy and raw materials, e.g. assembly line cost at 40-50% of total cost, indicating excesses to expenditure here. Therefore, there is an opportunity to thoroughly review work efficiency (especially energy and raw materials) and reassign sufficient resources to improve innovation, staff management training, development, shared values and time and apprenticeship (transfer of learning). This comprehensive approach to organisational development is reflected in the thinking of the management. we cannot solve our problems by spending; we cannot solve our problems by cutting back. The only way to meet our challenges is to change how we go about things. (quote from Managing Director of CSP UK). The poor perception amongst the public on how CSP UK handles environmental issues has to be addressed without delay. Records show that carbon dioxide emissions have fallen by 10% and its standards now exceeds government criteria for carbon emissions. A public relations initiative using a variety of channels (including internet, bill boards, television and radio, telephone messaging, etc) is needed to show the significant improvement in the companys impact on the community. There is some evidence of failure in previous programs even though the firm supported the concept of modernization. Due to the punctuated nature of change, measures have to both be incremental and transformational in nature to be effective. The Journey program gave a clear picture of the need for coordinated organisational changes within its structure, learning and culture (Burnes, B. 2009). Evidence of this is found in the way it worked in partnership to re-define its eight (8) core value that now steers everything CSP UK does and what its culture stands for. Corus Strip Products UK achieved this by winning the support of all employees as champions of change and supported a culture of frank engagement, avoiding the us and them mentality. This in turn challenged barriers of change and delivered a workable strategy that built a sustainable business for future generations. This culture must constantly be revived, reviewed and guarded carefully for future growth and development at Corus. CONCLUSIONS Due to the case-based evaluation of this report, there are limitations to the assumptions that can be made. However, it was evident that there was the need for organisational change to retain sustainability at Corus Strip Products UK. The Journey helped CSP UK weather the storm despite the economic downturn, with the company now benefiting from the gains of the program. This has enabled the business to construct a feasible business model that focuses on organisational transformation and establishes its growth and profitability margins; to maintain its ability to attract investment and capital from governments, big businesses, and individuals.

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay -- Fitzgerald Great Gatsb

The 1920s was a time of excess and growth. Economically, it was a time for great financial gain. Largely because of improvements in technology, productivity increased while overall production costs decreased, and the economy grew. Not only was this time filled with prosperity, but corruption as well. People who had previously worked day and night finally acquired leisure time. Some of the most wealthy people made the choice to fill this free time with gluttony and lust. Many authors during this time believed that the excessive spending and consumption would surely lead to ruin. Although many people associate good times and carefree abandon with the reverie of the 1920s, some also suggest a hidden, much darker side. In his novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald, conveyed his belief that wealth and materialism corrupted the American Dream. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald shows his disapproval of the times by portraying characters attempting to achieve their American Dream by any means possible. Myrtle Wilson, a low class inhabitant of the valley of ashes, puts her morals to the side when pursuing the wealthy life. Not even marriage stops Myrtle from having an affair with Tom Buchanan-- a rich man who enables her to finally buy the life she thinks she deserves. Not only does Myrtle cheat on her own husband, but she has an affair with someone who caught her eye with "a dress suit and patent leather shoes and [she] couldn't keep [her] eyes off him" (Fitzgerald 40). It is not a love for Tom that attracted Myrtle, but his money and power that she lusts after. Jay Gatsby-- a man actually in love with Daisy Buchanan and not simply the money she represents-- aspires to achieve his dream of wealth in... ...ent within Tom and Daisy signify that wealth cannot buy a person everything, including happiness. Fitzgerald questions the validity of the fiscally inclined American Dream within The Great Gatsby. During the 1920s, F. Scott Fitzgerald conveyed his disdain for the corruption within the American dream by depicting the immoral actions of society in his literature with a disapproving tone. Even though the country was economically prosperous, people increasingly lost much needed morals on their journey of the American Dream. Affairs and other sins took place with little guilt. People got caught up in the corruption around them in order to try to get their piece of the growing wealth. Without making some changes, society could have been on its way to self-devastation. Works Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. 1st ed. New York: Scribner, 2004. Print.

conflict between humanistic and scientific value :: essays research papers fc

HRM - Conflicts of Scientific and Humanistic Values 1.0 Introduction One of the popular theory of the â€Å"Critical Theorist â€Å" ( with referrence to the Marxist view ). science reduce humankind to passive objects beholden to the laws of "nature." Sociology, as a form of science, is therefore also criticized for making scientific studies a means to an end unto themselves, as well as for not recognizing the importance of the individual. Modern society at large is criticized for being obsessed with rationality and efficiency instead of human emancipation. Also, people have become overly controlled by technology. For example, constant stimuli such ad television pacify us and control our thoughts and emotions. Culture also comes under attack for becoming what has been termed a culture industry. Instead of having stories, beliefs or artifacts for their own sake, culture has become commodified It has lost spontaneity or the ability to inspire originality in people. Similarly, there is said to be a knowledge industry. Universities are seen as oppressive institutions more concerned with increasing their influence than in providing students with knowledge. Likewise, in the field of organization development, humanistic and scientific are two different and opposite elements that have always been in constant conflict and tension. And so often the measure of these conflicts are the effectiveness or efficiency of an organisation. In my point of view, "humanistic" in nature and approach, whatever the subject, seeks to solve problems "from a human-centered viewpoint." And hence this paper could be an attempt of such effort. 2.0 What is efficiency ? Efficiency is highly prized in a culture turned toward productivity. It is therefore cultivated in contemporary business administration theories. It also tends to be prized above all other values in modern society, as society is more and more oriented toward technological advancement. Efficiency is also defined here as the most economic or the shortest or fastest or most simple way of realizing or achieving a goal with the least cost. As a means of evaluating human activity in business and practical activity in general, efficiency is, therefore, the standard. It is a standard of quality pertaining to the action, but it cannot be considered a moral virtue, since the quality of good or evil does not derive from the form in which an objective is achieved but from the goal or end that the action achieves. To give an extreme example, one could say that Hitler and his engineers were extremely efficient in achieving the goal of exterminating Jews.

Dear Rebecca and Jessy Essay

Let me start by saying congratulations on your recent engagement. It is an honor being your mother and your future mother in law that you both would like advice on how to effectively communicate in your relationship. In taking an interpersonal communication course, I have learned several concepts that I would like to share with you throughout this letter. I feel that it is only right that I share information I have learned for the marriage you have ahead. I know that you are newly engaged, and this information will prove to be of use in your relationship. It is important that interpersonal communication become the building blocks between both parties. This will highly effect how you interact with one another. It will also impact you listening and speaking skills. The fact that we have been communicating all of our lives does not mean that we do it well. (Sole, K, 2011 ch1.1). It is important to know the main principles and misconceptions in effective interpersonal communication. This is a start to understanding each other. The word communication originated from the Latin word â€Å"communico†, which means â€Å"to join or unite,† â€Å"to connect,† â€Å"to participate in,† or â€Å"to share with all.† These meanings are the goals of improving interpersonal communication. As you too are a newly engaged couple, it is important to be able to do all the above meanings. People have desires to be able to connect, participate, and share with others. Interpersonal communication cannot be avoided. Rebecca be sure to express your emotional barriers with Jessy, talk to him now about your suspicions or concerns about your relationship. Rebecca and Jessy, my first word of advice to you in this new marriage that you will embark upon is to identify barriers that will affect your interpersonal interaction. First address any physical barriers that you think might be an issue now or later on in the marriage. Sit down and figure the challenges that you feel may make a difference, discuss the issues that may be a barrier with one another. For instances being away from family that live in other places, children if that is something you both want, what if a parent gets sick what is the plan for that. S it down and talk about things that are near and dear to you like political, religion what are each other views that a married couple should discuss. In this letter of advice before you Rebecca and Jessy get married. I will cover many areas of interpersonal communication. The first will be describing the process by which self-concept is developed and maintained. Understanding the process in which self-concept is developed and maintained will assist both of you in relating and communicating with one another in an effective manner. This comes by the knowledge that we gain from the world, family, peers and others. Next, you will understand how perceptions, emotions, and nonverbal expressions affect interpersonal relationships. Not speaking to your mate or even showing nonverbal communication can be harmful to your marriage. What is your perception of your mate? Are you able to express your emotions effectively one to another? These are questions that should be meditated on and discussed with one another. Rebecca and Jessy, you must have a good self-concept of one another to maintain a healthy long-lasting relationship. You must be willing to compromise and be willing to change for the better, where the marriage is concerned. My first advice to you both i s to understand how perceptions, emotions and nonverbal expression affect interpersonal relationships. â€Å"You can improve interpersonal communication skills considerably, though, by paying attention to your own nonverbal behavior and those of the people with whom you interact† (Sole, 2011. Sec.5.4, Para 1). We have all heard â€Å"communication is the key in marriage,† and this proves to be true in many different concepts. Having effective communication is a key to build stronger and better in any relationship. A successful marriage requires falling in love many times, always with the same person. How is this achieved? It is important that interpersonal communication become the building blocks between both parties. This will highly effect how you interact with one another. It will also impact you listening and speaking skills. Marriage is a very important step and is not to be taken lightly but I am here to offer you some sound advice on how to an effective relationship before, during and after your wedding. The advice that I will offer will help make and maintain a strong healthy relationship. Marriage is a very important step and is not to be taken lightly but I am here to offer you Rebecca some sound advice on how to an effective relationship before, during and after your wedding. The advice that I will offer will help keep, make and maintain a strong healthy relationship. Even if a person walks aro und with his or her head down all day, it signals a message that maybe this person is sad or distraught. Interpersonal  communication is the exchange of messages between two people to create shared meaning (Sole, 2011). Effective interpersonal communication is shared meaning where all individuals involved come to a mutual understanding in the exchange of words or gestures Communication is important in developing and maintaining relationships. We communicate every day and learning how to effectively do so will strengthen your relationships both personally and professionally. We begin communicating from the time we are born. As we grow and mature so does our ability to communicate. Although communication can be challenging, understanding what communication is, how each of you communicate, the power of verbal and nonverbal expressions, the ability to listen, control emotions and understanding misconceptions, there are ways to make improvements for a healthier relationship. â€Å"The fact that we have been communicating all of our lives does not mean that we do it well†. (Sole, 2011). Before you enter into a new life as husband and wife, I will give you some words of wisdom to help you continue to grow as a couple, be able to communicate effectively and be able to overcome the storms that may come throughout your relationship. Although communication can be challenging, understanding what communication is, how each of you communicate, the power of verbal and nonverbal expressions, the ability to listen, control emotions and understanding misconceptions, there are ways to make improvements for a healt hier relationship. It is important to realize why we communicate. We communicate for a reason. The primary goal of communication is to share meaning and to connect with other people. Understanding these human needs and communication purposes is essential to success as a communicator. (Sole, 2011) There are many purposes for communicating. One of the most basic purposes is to meet personal needs. Humans are social animals; we need to interact with one another. Another purpose is to learn about yourself and others, this is a process that you must continue well into your relationship, I will provide you advice on how to do this. The most important purpose in your case is to build and maintain relationships. Effective communication is the glue that will hold your relationship. While communication has been defined as an exchange of words between two or more people, understanding that communication is more than that will give you both better insights on how to communicate. As Kathy Sole (2011) discusses â€Å"Communication is not simply the exchange of words and  information; it is the means through which we share knowledge, thoughts, ideas, and feelings with other people† (2011, p. xix). Indeed, understanding that communication is more than just words cause people to view it as a complete way to expression themselves. When sharing an expression of yourself to another, it ’s imperative to realize that you are trying to get someone to not only hear but grasp your thoughts. Now that you two have a better understanding of what communication means, it will allow you to conscientiously think about more than just the words but in fact realize. The biggest thing I want you to gain from this experience is the knowledge that communication can make or break your marriage, and to have a long, successful marriage, you must keep the lines of communication between each other open. I hope my insight below can give you guidance as you embark on this amazing journey to a happy life together. Self Concept: How it is Developed and Maintained: â€Å"Self concept is a complex mix of how we see ourselves, what others have told us about ourselves, and what society says we should be† (Sole, K. 2011, 2.1). This can include how you see yourself physically: hair color, eye color, height weight, etc, or it could include how you see yourself in terms of your social personality: whether you are introverted or extroverted, how you interact or meet new people. Your self concept is learned through your communication with other people and how you see yourself, but the good news is, you have the ability to change it if you do not like it. References (2012, 05). Letter of Advice Before You Wed.. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 05, 2012, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Letter-Of-Advice-Before-You-Wed- 990138.html Johnson, T. (2011, March). Healthy relationships lead to better lives. The Nation’s Health, 41(2), 20. Retrieved from the EBSCOhost database. Sole, K. (2011). Making Connections: Understanding Interpersonal Communication. San Diego, CA. Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

Madeleine L’Engle’s “A Wrinkle in Time”

Madeleine L’Engle’s â€Å"A Wrinkle in Time† ranks with the best known classic children’s stories. Perhaps a â€Å"Lewis Carroll Shelf Award† and a runner-up position in the â€Å"Hans Christian Andersen Award† would prove this claim.However, all the prestigious awards and the wide readership were not enough to put â€Å"A Wrinkle in Time† in the pedestal of being one of the best works classic children literature.L’Engle’s science fantasy had received a barrage of criticisms from literary critics. The aspect of the story that had received much damage is the story’s ending. Before we go on further with this exploration of â€Å"A Wrinkle in Time†, it is essential to reiterate that the story is categorized as a children’s story—it is intended audience were children.The critics of the novel had approached the narrative in an overly critical fashion that is opposed to the book’s nature of be ing a light and fun read. And because of much overly critical approach, many had failed to appreciate that â€Å"A Wrinkle in Time† is packed with valuable insights that are likely to have a positive effect on young readers.The composition of the story seems to aesthetically decent for its intended audience. The plot was rich in exciting adventures and entertaining elements like aliens and inter-space travels—elements that grab the attention of children.The protagonist of the story was a fourteen-year-old school girl by the name of Meg Murry. Having a child as a protagonist makes it easier for young readers to relate more to the book. Moreover, before all the science fantasy elements were introduced, predicaments that are normal to a child were discussed through the character of Meg.She is considered to be an underachiever and short-tempered by the people around her. These kinds of predicaments, more commonly called peer-pressures, are faced by average children worldwi de.In addition to that, Meg is set to have an adventure of a life with her brother and friend to rescue her father. This kind of adventure would sound very interesting and fun for children readers.The effectiveness of the narrative as a story for children owes much to its uncomplicated language. The language that L’Engle had incorporated in the text was uncomplicated enough for easy absorption for children of reading level.But more notably is that although there was science fantasy elements in the story, L’Engle did not presented those elements a scifi-geeky way. The uncomplicated language can be seen when Mrs. Whatsit was explaining the â€Å"tesseract† to a child like Meg (L’Engle 85).The fact that â€Å"A Wrinkle in Time† a wide readership is arguably already enough to prove its effectiveness. The critics of the novel had made an approach that is considerably unnecessary. They had stripped a children’s story off its very essence. This pap er would stand beside the argument that any overly critical approach to this particular text can be considered an over-reading.The novel was not written for critics, it was for the children’s enjoyment. And because of an overly critical approach, many had failed to appreciate the ending of the story. What makes the ending appreciable is it is rich with insights that are likely to have a positive effect on young minds.For us to have a better vantage point in reviewing the ending, let us divide the ending into three significant parts: Meg’s final battle with IT, the reunion of the family, and Mrs. Whatsit’s invitation for further adventures.In Meg’s final battle with IT, the children are given the suggestion that they are capable beings. Meg is just an average child defeating an alien disembodied brain. This aspect could boost a child’s confidence towards facing challenges in life.In Meg’s reunion with her family, children are taught how to ca re for others. Her father and other characters were anxiously waiting for Meg’s safe return. This had taught Meg that she is important as person. Just like the protagonist, children readers could also have the same positive realization.Mrs. Whatsit’s invitation for further adventures suggests that after some challenges in life, may it be being an underachiever or getting lost within the continuum of time, better things and more adventures are waiting for us.The optimism that this could instil in the minds of the children would be very useful to them for this will teach them a positive outlook in life. A positive outlook would help the children through challenges in life, especially when they grow and move to adulthood—where scepticism and pessimism are prevalent.The ending should not be tampered with by the readers as changing the ending would violate the concept of authorship. Revising the ending is plain plagiarism and with simple logic, this is L’Engle ’s story—not the reader’s.Although, it is understandable that the readers and critics to have opinions and interpretations. But they should not tamper with a classic of children’s literature that was enjoyed by generations of young readers. What they could do with their opinions and interpretations is to keep those as writing materials. Who knows? They may end up writing a masterpiece for children just like â€Å"A Wrinkle in Time.†Work CitedL'Engle, Madeleine. A Wrinkle in Time. NY: Dell. 1973

Market Day Reflection

I felt as if was really running a business and that I had to be 100% committed to every decision we made. I was very involved in every part of this project. I was also very eager for market day to come to see if the product we spent months making would be a best seller come time. What made you discouraged? The only thing that tended to discourage me was when I found out three other groups were making a very similar product to ours and selling it at a lower price. This made me feel like our shirts were not going to sell and we would have failed. If you could assign a grade for this reject, what grade would you give?Explain why you believe that grade would be fair. I think I would deserve an A because I was putting in all the work necessary to receive an A. Not only was I the president of the company, was involved in all of my team members jobs as well. 3. Financial Analysis of the Company – How many products did you sell? We sold all of our products (36 shirts). What was your s ales revenue? Our total sales revenue was $453. What was the amount of your total expenses? Our total expenses added up to $392. Did your company make a profit or take a loss? How much? We made a profit Of $61. How did you personally invest in the company?I invested $1 00 into our company. How much money did you take home after market day? Took home $1 13 after market day. What was your personal profit or loss on your investment? I made $13 profit on my investment. Did your group meet their financial goal? Explain. We originally set a higher goal for our profit, but in the end we are just glad that we left market day with a profit at all. 4. Level of cooperation from Other Members of the Team – Discuss the amount of cooperation and involvement of other team members: My other team members split up all of the work very equally.One person stood out in my group though, and that was Taylor Casey. She was the one who volunteered to drive all the way to Tempe to pick up our product when it was finished. Was very surprised that in our group every member pulled her weight, and that's why we were so successful. 5. Business Plan – How were sections of the business plan divided up among your team members? We divided up the business plan based on our areas of responsibility for the company, (the Vice President of Finances took Over all the sections having to do with our finances, etc. ). Which sections were you reasonably responsible for? Id a large variety of sections considering that I was the president, but one section specifically to name was the biographies. When you were writing your sections, did you refer to the business plan outline that was provided so that you would know what questions to answer? Yes I did constantly refer back to the business plan so that I wouldn't leave any questions unanswered. Did you use your time in the computer lab wisely? Our group got all but two of our slides done in the time allotted in the computer lab, so yes we did u se our time very wisely. What was the hardest art about writing the business plan?The hardest part about writing the business plan was making sure that we added every slide and answered all Of the necessary questions in a logical order. 6. Knowledge Gained From this Experience What did you learn about opening and running a business from this project? I learned a few key aspects about running a company and that was be careful who you choose as business partners and never wait until the last minute. For your business partners, I learned tattoo should choose someone who you know will consistently agree with you, and you will agree with them so that arguments never arise.